How and Why You Should Withhold Information from the Reader

You’re not supposed to withhold information known to a point-of-view character. Or to put it another way around:
If the viewpoint character knows something relevant, then by default share it with the reader.
Except that successful authors do this all the time!
It’s most common in thrillers where we follow the Bad Guys, but don’t find out who they are working for until the end. However, you also find it in SF&F. For example, Scott Westerfeld’s marvelous The Risen Empire quickly turns out to be about a secret. We see one team try to expose the secret and another — who know what it is — ruthlessly try to preserve it.
At this point, people will nod their heads and trot out the wisdom they’re supposed to trot out: Once you know the rules, then you can break them; go serve your apprenticeship.
However, that’s not very helpful if — for example — the story you are trying to write hinges on a big secret.
I think there’s quite a different set of rules at work. As you might guess, as far as I’m concerned, it’s all about the conflict.












